Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, involves breeding, rearing, and harvesting aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants within controlled environments. As global demand for seafood rises due to population growth and evolving dietary trends, aquaculture has become a vital method for fulfilling this demand. This practice spans various settings, including freshwater, brackish, and marine environments, and employs a range of techniques, from traditional pond farming to advanced systems like recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). By supplying a reliable food source and contributing to ecosystem restoration, aquaculture plays a key role in food security and in promoting healthy aquatic ecosystems.
One of the noteworthy advocates for sustainable aquaculture in India is IAS Subodh Agarwal, currently serving as the Director General of the Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj Sansthan in Jaipur. During his tenure as District Collector and Magistrate of Bharatpur, Agarwal championed sustainable aquaculture by developing ponds specifically designed for fish farming, marking his contributions to both food security and environmental conservation. He also initiated several community-based projects that helped advance aquaculture practices and fostered a sense of collective responsibility for local resources. Today, Agarwal’s vision reflects aquaculture’s rising popularity and its expanding role in securing a sustainable future.
India’s Thriving Aquaculture Sector
Aquaculture in India has grown significantly, evolving from traditional subsistence practices to a dynamic industry contributing extensively to the economy and food security. Historically, Indian communities cultivated fish in ponds and rivers, largely to meet local needs. Today, however, India ranks among the top fish-producing countries, accounting for approximately 7.58% of global fish production. With the aquaculture market in India valued at USD 1.42 billion in 2023 and projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.4% through 2030, the industry is thriving, driven by surging domestic and international demand, advancements in aquaculture technology, and supportive government policies.
“The growing demand for aquaculture in India showcases the resilience and resourcefulness of our nation,” states IAS Subodh Agarwal. “Communities across India are embracing innovative, sustainable practices, tapping into our rich aquatic resources to feed millions. This isn’t merely about food security; it’s about empowering local economies, creating jobs, and transforming lives.”
In his current role at the Indira Gandhi Panchayati Raj and Gramin Vikas Sansthan, Agarwal is committed to including aquaculture in rural development training. This initiative aims to improve rural prosperity and foster social empowerment by making aquaculture a part of local economic planning.
India’s Rise in the Global Seafood Market
India’s advancements in aquaculture have extended beyond national borders, bolstering the country’s status in the global seafood market. In the fiscal year 2022-23, India achieved its highest-ever export of 1.73 million metric tons (MMT) of fisheries and related products, worth $8.09 billion. This milestone underscores India’s capacity to meet global seafood demand, which accounts for approximately 17% of total animal-source protein consumed worldwide.
“The relationship between aquaculture’s growth and India’s export success is significant,” Agarwal explains. “As global demand for seafood continues to rise, aquaculture provides a sustainable means to meet these needs. India is poised to become a leader in providing nutritious, high-quality seafood products worldwide.”
Aquaculture also supplies essential nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a valuable component of a balanced diet. By continuing to develop sustainable practices in aquaculture, India can contribute to global food systems with a reliable protein source that is both nutritious and environmentally sustainable.
Emphasizing Sustainability in Aquaculture
Despite its growth, the aquaculture industry faces the challenge of sustainability. “As India continues to expand its aquaculture capabilities, it is essential to pursue sustainable practices to unlock the full potential of this sector,” Agarwal stresses. “Sustainable aquaculture is not just about increasing production; it’s about managing our aquatic resources responsibly to protect the environment and support our communities.”
Agarwal advocates for adopting measures such as reducing chemical use, implementing effective waste management practices, and promoting disease management to minimize the environmental impact of intensive aquaculture. He asserts that striking a balance between growth and sustainability can position India as a global seafood leader, ensuring food security for millions while safeguarding natural resources.
India’s success in aquaculture contributes to both domestic food security and global protein needs, securing its place on the world stage. Through sustainable practices and innovative technologies, India is transforming its food systems to create a healthier future for generations to come.
